Miscellaneous

Permanent URI for this collection

https://hub.ifdc.org/handle/20.500.14297/1434

Browse

Browse by

Author

Collection

Date

Topics

Titles

Now showing 1 - 20 of 140

IFDC Report, Volume 1, No. 1
(1976-02) IFDC
This report provides an overview of the International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC) and its activities during the year. IFDC, established in 1974, aims to improve fertilizers and fertilizer know-how for developing countries, particularly in tropical and subtropical agriculture, to increase food production. The report highlights the organizational structure of IFDC, including its staff composition and divisional units. It discusses the progress made in establishing temporary offices and laboratories, as well as plans for constructing new buildings on Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) property. Funding for IFDC's operations and facility construction is provided by the United States Agency for International Development (AID) and other potential donors. The report also mentions the contracting of work with various countries and organizations, as well as collaboration with TVA and universities to access specialized expertise. The chairman's report emphasizes the importance of IFDC's role in global food production and its integration with the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). The report further focuses on IFDC's phosphate program, which addresses the utilization of low-grade phosphate ores and the development of effective and economical phosphate fertilizers for tropical and subtropical soils. It emphasizes the need for balanced fertilization programs and the exploration of direct applications of pulverized phosphate rock. Additionally, the report highlights IFDC's involvement in studying China's approach to fertilizer development, particularly in rural small-scale industries, and the potential transferability of their technologies to other developing countries. Finally, the report discusses IFDC's training programs, specifically the development of a fertilizer plant maintenance training program and a fertilizer marketing program. These initiatives aim to enhance knowledge and skills in maintaining production systems and improving marketing strategies in the fertilizer industry.
IFDC Report, Volume 1, No. 2
(1976-05) IFDC
This report provides an overview of the building program undertaken by the International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC) with the support of a USAID grant. The program comprises three phases: Phase A, Phase B, and Phase C. Phase A includes the construction of a greenhouse, headhouse, laboratories, and offices, scheduled for occupancy by October 1976. Phase B involves the development of a pilot-plant building with associated laboratories and offices, targeted for completion by February 1977. Phase C focuses on completing the main laboratory-office buildings and landscaping, with an estimated completion and occupancy date of March 1978. The IFDC's current staff of 40 people is temporarily housed in two different locations, with plans to retain the temporary facilities until the entire building program is finalized. Brasfield and Gorrie, Incorporated, were awarded the construction contract for Phase A and have already initiated clearing and excavation work. The report also mentions the recent IFDC board meeting, where various topics were discussed and approved, including program activities, auditor's reports, construction contracts, and forming an executive committee. The resignation of Mr Lynn Seeber as IFDC Secretary-Treasurer is noted, and Dr Pendergrass assumes the responsibilities along with his vice chairman role. Furthermore, the publication highlights the research and development efforts of IFDC in fertilizer technology and agronomic practices. It mentions the focus on exploiting indigenous phosphate sources, conducting beneficiation tests on different ores, and studying phosphate rocks' behavior in reagents and soil solutions. Collaborative projects with TVA are mentioned, focusing on supergranule urea production and improving nitrogen fertilizer efficiency. The construction of new facilities for expanding research programs is also highlighted. Additionally, the report discusses IFDC's efforts in accelerating agricultural development, including research in soil fertility, agronomy, economics, and sociology. It mentions ongoing projects related to the direct application of phosphate rock, factors influencing fertilizer use among small farmers, and country case studies to assess the impact of public policy measures. The improvement of fertilizer supply and demand forecasting and analysis of fertilizer sector issues are also mentioned. IFDC's outreach division, responsible for technology transfer, technical assistance, and training, is also discussed. Examples of ongoing projects are provided, such as problem identification in West Africa, technical assistance in Taiwan and Colombia, and plans for expanding outreach efforts. Lastly, the report mentions the addition of a worldwide direct dial teletypewriter exchange service to IFDC's communication system and introduces the IFDEC abbreviation as the organization's name. It concludes by acknowledging the growth of the IFDC family and recent events, including the birth of the first baby within an IFDC family and the successful bulk fertilizer shipment to Ghana.
IFDC Report, Volume 1, No. 3
(1976-08) IFDC
The material highlights critical topics discussed in the issue, including the IFDC facility's design and engineering, international status, cooperative agreements, progress achieved in the first year of operation, fertilizer development studies, human resource development, factory maintenance courses, outreach activities, and technology transfer. The report begins by emphasizing the flexibility of design and engineering standards applied to the IFDC facility, allowing for expansion and inexpensive remodelling. The construction progress of different phases of the facility is discussed, with Phase A nearly ready for occupancy, Phase B under construction, and Phase C set to be completed in early 1978. The publication highlights the international status of IFDC, with the managing director attending Centers Week in Washington, D.C., and the CGIAR nominating three members to the IFDC Board of Directors. Cooperative agreements with CIAT and IRRI are mentioned, with plans to station IFDC staff at each centre to focus on specific research areas. The report further covers the progress made by IFDC in its first year of operation, including inquiries received, visitors from outside the United States, fertilizer development studies conducted for the ASEAN region and Sahelian countries of West Africa, and the compilation of a world database system on fertilizer technology and use. The publication also mentions ongoing research programs, such as social science research to improve fertilizer decision-making and a fertilizer research program focused on nitrogen and phosphorus effectiveness in tropical and subtropical agriculture. The report then provides an overview of the West Africa Fertilizer Study, discussing significant food deficits, fertilizer use, fertilizer materials, and various supply alternatives analyzed by IFDC. The importance of human resource development is highlighted, including training programs for Bangladeshi engineers in fertilizer factory maintenance conducted in cooperation with TVA's National Fertilizer Development Center (NFDC). The publication concludes with a section on outreach activities, including technology transfer to Asia, involvement in TVA's Technology Demonstration, and the orientation and demonstration of IFDC's world fertilizer database system. The publication also acknowledges the contributions and roles of individuals involved in IFDC's nitrogen program and technical assistance provided to the Taiwan Fertilizer Company.
IFDC Report, Volume 1, No. 4
(1976-12) IFDC
The publication covers various topics related to phosphorus research, including the progress at IFDC, the utilization of indigenous ores, the global shortage of phosphate rock, and the exploration of new methods for phosphorus fertilizer production. Additionally, it highlights the expansion of the IFDC Board of Directors and the advancements in the organization's building program. The publication summarizes critical research areas such as fertilizer raw materials, rock characterization, upgrading problem ores, evaluation of phosphate rock for direct application, and administrative appointments within IFDC. The publication also provides information on upcoming seminars and the establishment of regional coordinators for Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Overall, this report offers a glimpse into the valuable research and developments in phosphorus-related studies and the efforts of IFDC to improve global food production.
IFDC Report, Volume 2, No. 1
(1977-03) IFDC
This report provides an overview of various topics related to the International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC) and its work in the Philippines. The report discusses the Philippines' contribution to IFDC's core budgets, highlighting their support for agricultural development. The publication also acknowledges the efforts of IFDC's Board of Directors and staff, expressing gratitude for the support received. Additionally, it mentions IFDC's designation as a public international organization and the privileges and immunities associated with this status. In obtaining this status, it recognizes the collaborative efforts between IFDC, the U.S. Government, and the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). The publication provides profiles of new board members of IFDC, including their backgrounds and expertise in fields such as industrial chemistry, agricultural research, and soil fertility. Furthermore, it outlines IFDC's research focus on fertilizer policies and economic development, adoption and demand analysis, and fertilizer technology. It emphasizes the importance of understanding constraints to fertilizer use, evaluating policy effectiveness, and stimulating adoption and demand in developing countries. The report mentions IFDC's engineering research facility and its role in transferring fertilizer process technology from the laboratory to commercial plants worldwide. It highlights the availability of IFDC's World Fertilizer Information System, which assists plant investment analysis. Several examples of IFDC's technical assistance projects are highlighted, such as using bulk-blending machinery in Colombia and converting a urea fertilizer plant to granular urea production in Indonesia. Lastly, the report highlights IFDC's involvement in seminars on organizational development, focusing on improving coordination, communication, and human resource management in the fertilizer industry.
IFDC Report, Volume 2, No. 2
(1977-06) IFDC
This report provides an overview of the building program undertaken by the International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC) with the support of a USAID grant. The program comprises three phases: Phase A, Phase B, and Phase C. Phase A includes the construction of a greenhouse, headhouse, laboratories, and offices, scheduled for occupancy by October 1976. Phase B involves the development of a pilot-plant building with associated laboratories and offices, targeted for completion by February 1977. Phase C focuses on completing the main laboratory-office buildings and landscaping, with an estimated completion and occupancy date of March 1978. The IFDC's current staff of 40 people is temporarily housed in two different locations, with plans to retain the temporary facilities until the entire building program is finalized. Brasfield and Gorrie, Incorporated, were awarded the construction contract for Phase A and have already initiated clearing and excavation work. The material also mentions the recent IFDC board meeting, where various topics were discussed and approved, including program activities, auditor's reports, construction contracts, and forming an executive committee. The resignation of Mr Lynn Seeber as IFDC Secretary-Treasurer is noted, and Dr Pendergrass assumes the responsibilities along with his vice chairman role. Furthermore, the report highlights the research and development efforts of IFDC in fertilizer technology and agronomic practices. It mentions the focus on exploiting indigenous phosphate sources, conducting beneficiation tests on different ores, and studying phosphate rocks' behavior in reagents and soil solutions. Collaborative projects with TVA are mentioned, focusing on supergranule urea production and improving nitrogen fertilizer efficiency. The construction of new facilities for expanding research programs is also highlighted. Additionally, the publication discusses IFDC's efforts in accelerating agricultural development, including research in soil fertility, agronomy, economics, and sociology. It mentions ongoing projects related to the direct application of phosphate rock, factors influencing fertilizer use among small farmers, and country case studies to assess the impact of public policy measures. The improvement of fertilizer supply and demand forecasting and analysis of fertilizer sector issues are also mentioned. IFDC's outreach division, responsible for technology transfer, technical assistance, and training, is also discussed. Examples of ongoing projects are provided, such as problem identification in West Africa, technical assistance in Taiwan and Colombia, and plans for expanding outreach efforts. Lastly, the report mentions the addition of a worldwide direct dial teletypewriter exchange service to IFDC's communication system and introduces the IFDEC abbreviation as the organization's name. It concludes by acknowledging the growth of the IFDC family and recent events, including the birth of the first baby within an IFDC family and the successful bulk fertilizer shipment to Ghana.
IFDC Report, Volume 2, No. 3
(1977-09) IFDC
This report provides an overview of recent grants received by the International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC) in support of its various programs. The grants discussed include a collaborative research project with the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) on the efficient utilization of phosphate fertilizers in acid soils, a cooperative research project with the Korean Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) to develop a controlled-release fertilizer based on urea, and an unrestricted grant from Israel Chemicals Ltd. (ICL) for technology research. The report also highlights administrative appointments within IFDC, including Dr Dennis H. Parish as the Director of the Outreach Division and Dr William D. Bishop as the Director of the Agro-Economic Division. Additionally, it discusses ongoing research on the granulation of soluble salts and the use of phosphate rock for direct application. The report concludes with updates on technical assistance provided to organizations such as the Cooperative League of the USA (CLUSA) and the Companhia Riograndense de Adubos (CRA) in Uruguay and Brazil, respectively. Collapse
IFDC Report, Volume 2, No. 4
(1977-12) IFDC
The International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC) is working on a new fertilizer manual to provide a comprehensive reference source on fertilizer production technology, economics, and industry planning for developing countries. This manual, a joint project between IFDC and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), is designed to replace the outdated UN Fertilizer Manual published in 1967. The objective of the new manual is to present clear and concise descriptions of major fertilizer processes, their requirements, advantages, disadvantages, and economic evaluations through illustrative examples. The manual is organized into five parts covering various fertilizer production and usage aspects. Part 1 introduces the history of fertilizers, the global outlook, the role of fertilizers in agriculture, raw materials, and a glossary of industrial terms. Part II focuses on producing and transporting ammonia and nitrogen fertilizers in liquid and solid forms. Part III discusses the characteristics of phosphate rock, the production of sulfuric and phosphoric acid, and essential phosphate fertilizers, including nitrophosphates and ammonium phosphates. Part IV delves into potash fertilizers, covering ore refining, chemical manufacture, compound fertilizers, secondary and micronutrients, controlled-release fertilizers, and physical properties of fertilizers. Part V includes chapters on planning a fertilizer industry, pollution control, and the economics of production and transportation of significant intermediates. In addition to the manual, IFDC is actively involved in various research initiatives to improve the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers, particularly in rice cultivation. Collaborative efforts with the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) aim to develop and introduce more effective nitrogen fertilizer materials and management practices for lowland rice-growing areas. IFDC is also initiating a research program to address the increasing incidence of sulfur deficiencies in tropical agriculture. Furthermore, IFDC is exploring the potential of combining deep placement and controlled release of fertilizers to minimize nitrogen losses and enhance crop productivity.
IFDC Report, Volume 3, No. 1
(1978-03) IFDC
This material provides an overview of a collaborative research project between the International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC) and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) on using phosphate fertilizers in Latin American soils. The project, financed by the International Development Research Centre of Canada, aims to expand previous research efforts to understand the dissolution and residual availability of phosphorus (P) from various phosphate sources on acid soils in Latin America. The research evaluates the effect of P placement, granule size, the addition of acid-forming materials to phosphate rock, and soil variations on phosphorus availability in crops such as cassava, beans, rice, grass, and leguminous forages. The project involves research activities in Colombia and collaboration with national institutes in other Latin American countries. Furthermore, the report highlights the IFDC's fertilizer marketing and distribution course scheduled to provide training on integrated marketing concepts, transportation, and distribution systems in Mexico. The course aims to enhance the knowledge and skills of managers and planners responsible for fertilizer distribution. The publication also mentions IFDC's involvement in evaluating the marketing potential of products from a fertilizer facility in Mexico, focusing on phosphoric acid production and its domestic market prospects. In addition, the report discusses IFDC's research efforts to improve the effectiveness of phosphate fertilizers in tropical soils. Soil scientists are conducting laboratory and greenhouse studies to understand the agronomic effectiveness of different fertilizer materials and develop enhanced phosphate fertilizers for phosphorus-deficient soils in the tropics. The paper further highlights IFDC's pilot-plant research unit, which is crucial in improving process operations, producing materials for testing, and providing training under safe operating conditions. Specifically, it discusses the successful operation of a pilot plant for granulating phosphate rock. It explores the potential of using acids as binders to enhance agronomic suitability and reduce production costs. Moreover, the report introduces the framework for analyzing the economics of phosphate rock for direct application, emphasizing the importance of lower-cost forms of phosphorus for tropical soils. It mentions the economic evaluation of finely divided phosphate rock (PR) and its advantages over highly manufactured Triple Superphosphate (TSP) in certain situations. Lastly, the report briefly mentions IFDC's wet-process phosphoric acid research program, which aims to evaluate various phosphate ores and develop economically viable small-scale phosphoric acid production methods. The program also explores ways to recover phosphorus from byproduct waste materials, contributing to environmental sustainability and resource efficiency.
IFDC Report, Volume 3, No. 2
(1978-06) IFDC
This report summarizes the activities and findings of a study group from the People's Republic of China (PRC) visiting the International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC). The study group, consisting of chemical engineers and representatives from research institutions and fertilizer industries in China, engaged in discussions with IFDC staff on improving the nutrient efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers and utilizing phosphate raw materials for phosphatic fertilizer production. The visit also included tours of various fertilizer facilities in different states of the United States. Additionally, the report highlights a training course on fertilizer use in the tropics offered by IFDC in collaboration with the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in Nigeria. The course aims to enhance participants' skills in fertilizer research and extension for food crops in tropical regions. Furthermore, the report outlines IFDC's ongoing research projects, including efforts to develop modified urea materials for better nutrient release in rice cultivation and explore thermal and chemical methods to upgrade phosphate rock for improved agronomic performance. It also mentions IFDC's market development studies in Bangladesh and the Caribbean Basin and its efforts to gather fertilizer-related information through global surveys and analyses. The report provides a glimpse into IFDC's collaborative initiatives and research endeavours in fertilizer development and utilization.
IFDC Report, Volume 3, No. 3
(1978-09) IFDC
This report provides an overview of the ore-beneficiation and bulk-blend/granulation pilot plants established by the International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC). The completion and startup of these plants in September have enabled IFDC to evaluate and demonstrate various upgrading techniques for a wide range of ores. The research conducted in these plants facilitates the identification of beneficiation methods and the generation of economic data to support the utilization of indigenous ore deposits in developing countries. The bulk-blend/granulation pilot plant offers flexibility in producing fertilizers and demonstrating various equipment operations. It also serves as a training facility, ranging from manual to automatic control, and generates economic data to aid the construction of similar facilities in developing countries. The plant initially focuses on producing urea supergranules but can also accommodate bulk blending and granulation to have a wide range of NP, NPK, or other fertilizer grades. Emphasis is placed on using urea in large quantities due to its significance in Asia, Latin America, and certain African areas. In collaboration with the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), IFDC is initiating a comprehensive study on rice production in Southeast Asian countries. IFPRI leads the overall policy, while IRRI evaluates rice varieties and associated cultural practices. IFDC's responsibility is to address fertilizer-related policy aspects to ensure its proper role and availability at reasonable prices without limiting factors. IFDC conducted a workshop funded by the Ford Foundation to investigate the potential efficiency improvement achieved by placing urea as supergranules, coated supergranules, or liquid injections into rice paddies. The workshop aimed to accelerate research and demonstration efforts in India, with partial funding from the Foundation's India office. Agronomic research results on nitrogen losses from rice fields and evaluations of modified urea products were reviewed, and plans for the extensive assessment in India were developed. The report also highlights IFDC's collaboration with PHOSY ALOR of Paris, France, on a research project focused on the recovery of phosphate from byproduct slimes produced during the beneficiation of phosphate rock. Initial work conducted by IFDC has led to a contract with PHOSY ALOR to continue research on better utilization of these slimes, which contain significant amounts of phosphate. Laboratory tests have shown promising results in recovering phosphate, potentially leading to the production of marketable phosphate fertilizer. USAID has requested IFDC to evaluate the potential of bulk imports and bulk blending in Bolivia to reduce fertilizer costs for Bolivian farmers. A marketing specialist and an engineer conducted studies to assist the Bolivian government in determining approaches that would best serve the country's fertilizer requirements in the next decade. The logistical challenges of land-locked countries, such as Bolivia, in importing fertilizers were considered. IFDC has also entered into agreements with India and Bangladesh to conduct studies on fertilizer adoption and demand constraints. These studies aim to understand the factors influencing farmers' adoption of fertilizers and identify policy adjustments that can encourage their widespread use, particularly among small and disadvantaged farmers. Additional topics covered in the report include a fertilizer marketing and distribution course, technical training for engineers from Brazil's Centro de Estudos de Fertilizantes (CEFER), assistance provided to Monomeros Colombo Venezolanos, SA (MONOMEROS) in expanding and modernizing their fertilizer production and marketing facilities, and technical assistance offered to Companhia Riograndense de Adubos (CRA) in implementing energy-saving technology.
IFDC Report, Volume 3, No. 4
(1978-12) IFDC
This report presents the findings of crop response data obtained from greenhouse experiments and field trials conducted with flooded rice, focusing on the relationship between fertilizer application technique (surface or deep placement) and nitrogen recovery. The study identifies the deep-placement technique, known as the "mudball" method, as a practical approach to improve fertilizer efficiency. However, the labour-intensive process of producing mudballs limits its widespread adoption. The report explores urea supergranules as an alternative to mudballs and discusses the controlled release in combination with deep placement as the most promising system for enhancing nitrogen recovery. The report also describes the granulation process and ongoing research on producing urea supergranules. The availability of urea in a suitable form for deep placement is a critical factor in the widespread adoption of this technique. The report concludes with discussions on international collaborations, feasibility studies for fertilizer production, and future research directions.
IFDC Report, Volume 4, No. 1
(1979-03) IFDC
The report highlights ongoing pilot-plant studies conducted by IFDC researchers in collaboration with Behn, Meyer & Company (Pte) Ltd., based in Singapore. The aim is to develop a process for granulating multi-nutrient-N, P, and K-fertilizers using raw materials available to Behn, Meyer. The researchers focus on producing homogeneous granular NP, NK, and NPK products utilizing prilled urea, phosphate rock, and potassium chloride as primary nutrient sources. Pilot-plant tests are underway to validate the feasibility of granulating different fertilizer grades, determine equipment requirements, and establish optimal operating parameters. Additionally, the report addresses the challenge of inoculating nitrogen-fixing bacteria to enhance soil fertility in leguminous crops. IFDC, in collaboration with scientists from Mississippi State University, is researching innovative approaches to improve the survival of bacteria when applied alongside fertilizers. Preliminary work has shown promising results, demonstrating that nitrogen-fixing bacteria can survive in fertilizer granules containing phosphate and potash when specific biological safe carriers are incorporated. Furthermore, the report discusses IFDC's involvement in technical assistance programs worldwide. Examples include the collaboration with PT PUSRI in Indonesia to provide engineering input for the design of a granulation unit and the partnership with the Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC) to enhance fertilizer distribution and marketing. These initiatives aim to alleviate constraints and promote the equitable and efficient use of fertilizers in agricultural practices. Lastly, the report provides an overview of the global fertilizer situation, highlighting the expected supply of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers until 1985. While the supply of nitrogen and phosphate is projected to be sufficient, concerns arise regarding potential future shortages of potash. The study emphasizes the need for developing countries to increase their domestic fertilizer production to meet growing demand, which is anticipated to rise to over 135 million tons by 1985.
IFDC Report, Volume 4, No. 2
(1979-06) IFDC
This report presents the findings of various research projects conducted by the International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC). The first project focuses on the economical use of complex phosphate ores through thermal treatment. The composition of rocks from different regions was studied to determine the correlation between energy requirement, sodium carbonate consumption, and the composition of phosphate-type products. The report also explores the processing of indigenous phosphate ore deposits with high levels of silica, iron, aluminium, chlorine, or carbonate, to enable their economical use. Another research project conducted in Senegal aimed to increase food production by studying the response of millet and groundnut crops to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. The study identified various location variables that significantly affect crop yields and fertilizer response, such as rainfall, plant density, and soil phosphorus levels. Leaching nitrogen losses from flooded rice soils were investigated to evaluate the effectiveness of different urea placement methods. The study concluded that deep placement of urea in the form of briquettes or supergranules could reduce nitrogen losses through volatilization and denitrification. Still, its efficacy may vary depending on soil type and percolation rates. The utilization of Eppawala phosphate rock in producing conventional phosphate fertilizers was examined through a joint research project between IFDC and Sri Lanka's Dienst Internationale Technische Hulp (DITH). The technical evaluation of the rock and its potential as a phosphate fertilizer was assessed through mineralogical and chemical analysis and phosphoric acid tests. Finally, the report discusses the cooperative agreement between IFDC and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to improve food production in developing countries through fertilizer research and training. The research program focuses on nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers' efficiency under different soil conditions. In contrast, the training program aims to increase the availability of trained manpower in fertilizer production, distribution, marketing, and use.
IFDC Report, Volume 4, No. 3
(1979-09) IFDC
Nitrogen fertilizer plays a crucial role in achieving high-yielding rice crops. However, the current practice of broadcasting urea on the surface of floodwater in Asia is inefficient. To address this issue and explore better methods of nitrogen fertilizer application, the International Network for Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Evaluation in Rice (INSFFER) was formed by 10 Asian countries in collaboration with the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and the International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC). Early results from INSFFER experiments indicate that slow-release fertilizers, such as sulfur-coated urea, and deep placement using urea supergranules, are generally effective in increasing nitrogen fertilizer efficiency for rice. However, in specific locations and seasons, these methods have proven to be ineffective. To better understand the fate of fertilizer nitrogen in soil-plant systems, a mini-network experiment utilizing the stable isotope 15N was established. The mini-network experiments involve labelling fertilizer with 15N and carefully analyzing nitrogen and 15N levels in soil and rice crops at various time intervals after application. Indirect estimation of nitrogen losses will be derived from the 15N balance in the plants and soil. The data obtained from these experiments will provide valuable support to INSFFER's agronomic studies, enabling determining the effects of fertilizer source and management on nitrogen efficiency in diverse rice-growing environments. The experimental design for the mini-network experiments was developed during a meeting attended by scientists from India, Korea, Thailand, China, IRRI, and IFDC. The success of the 15N balance experiments relies on strict adherence to correct analytical procedures, and the 15N samples will be analyzed in IFDC laboratories. The report also highlights other research initiatives by IFDC, such as the economic evaluation of phosphate rock sources for direct application in food crop production, the utilization of Eppawala phosphate rock from Sri Lanka, and the development of a phosphate fertilizer program in Upper Volta. Furthermore, it discusses the training programs conducted by IFDC, including the fertilizer marketing and distribution course, aimed at enhancing managerial capabilities in developing countries.
IFDC Report, Volume 4, No. 4
(1979-12) IFDC
This report presents an overview of a fertilizer marketing and distribution study conducted in Nigeria. The Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria has engaged the International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC) to assess the existing fertilizer distribution system, evaluate transport and storage capacity, and identify constraints affecting the supply and consumption of fertilizers. The study aims to develop a comprehensive fertilizer marketing plan that will ensure the efficient utilization of resources and provide an adequate internal outlet for the output of a proposed Nigerian fertilizer project. The study team, led by Mr L. B. Williams, IFDC Regional Coordinator-Africa, conducted an in-country field survey to gather relevant data. The team comprised economists, engineers, transportation specialists, and consultants with marketing, communications, government policy, and credit expertise. Nigerian consultants were also involved in specific assignments. The report highlights the IFDC Phosphorous Project, which focuses on developing a phosphorus management strategy for crops in acid-infertile soils of subtropical and tropical Latin America. The project explores alternatives to conventional soluble fertilizers by testing different forms of phosphorus, such as phosphate rock and modified phosphorus materials, for their agronomic effectiveness and cost-efficiency. The report also mentions recent arrivals and departures within the IFDC staff, including individuals from various countries who contribute their expertise in soil science, economics, engineering, and agricultural research. Furthermore, the report describes the Deep Placement method, a technique developed by IFDC to improve nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in rice production. By deep placement of urea super granules, this method enhances nitrogen availability while maintaining the natural algal nitrogen-fixing system, resulting in increased rice yields compared to conventional application methods. Additionally, the report mentions a training program conducted by IFDC for production and maintenance engineers from FERTIMEX in Mexico. The program covered various aspects of fertilizer production and provided participants with valuable insights through field trips and discussions with industry experts.
IFDC Report, Volume 5, No. 1
(1980-03) IFDC
The Fertilizer Manual, a joint project between the International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC) and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), has been completed and published. The manual aims to provide a comprehensive reference source on fertilizer production technology, economics, and industry planning for developing countries. It covers significant fertilizer processes, their requirements, advantages, and disadvantages and includes illustrative examples of economic evaluations. Compared to the previous manual, the new edition expands the treatment of phosphate and compound fertilizers, adds chapters on controlled-release fertilizers and the physical properties of fertilizers, and includes updated information on nitrogen fertilizers. Additionally, IFDC will conduct a regional fertilizer granulation seminar in Bangkok, focusing on multi-nutrient granular fertilizers in Asia. The manual is organized into five parts, covering the history of fertilizers, fertilizer production and transportation, characteristics of phosphate rock, fertilizer granulation plant organization and management, and planning a fertilizer industry. It also addresses topics such as pollution control, the economics of fertilizer production, and the challenges faced by the global fertilizer industry. IFDC offers various training programs and seminars on fertilizer marketing, fertilizer efficiency research, and maintenance management for fertilizer producers. These programs aim to enhance participants' knowledge and skills in their respective areas of responsibility. The report highlights IFDC's technical assistance to the Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC) in improving fertilizer supply and demand constraints and promoting equitable fertilizer use by farmers. It also describes IFDC's collaboration with Centro de Estudos de Fertilizantes (CEFER) in Brazil, providing technical assistance and training courses on fertilizer production technologies. Moreover, IFDC is involved in a feasibility study for developing phosphate rock deposits in Colombia, including market surveys and post-beneficiation processing.
IFDC Report, Volume 5, No. 2
(1980-06) IFDC
This report provides an overview of the collaborative research project between the International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC) and the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to improve the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers applied to rice. The initial phase of the research focused on irrigated rice and determining the magnitude of fertilizer nitrogen losses. Several experiments using the isotope 15N were conducted at IRRI, and data from these experiments are currently being processed. The research has been extended through a network of 15N experiments in India, Thailand, and Korea. The findings suggest that fertilizers producing high concentrations of dissolved ammonium in floodwater are inefficiently utilized by the rice plant, leading to significant losses through ammonia volatilization. The study also compared different fertiliser application methods and found that the best-split system, deep placement of supergranules, and slow-release fertilizers showed promise in improving nitrogen efficiency. The research revealed variations in the effectiveness of nitrogen application methods between wet and dry season crops. Root-zone placement of urea supergranules was the most effective method overall. The study also explored nitrous oxide fluxes and their implications for nitrogen loss due to denitrification. Additionally, the report discusses other research conducted at IRRI, including the impact of deep-placed urea supergranules on nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae in rice paddies, the development of integrated nitrogen management for rice-growing soils, and the evaluation of polymer-coated urea as a slow-release fertilizer. Furthermore, the report provides updates on IFDC staff involved in the project, training programs for cooperators in the International Network on Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Evaluation for Rice (INSFFER), and a fertilizer equity study conducted in Bangladesh to assess the distribution and impact of fertilizer use among small farmers and sharecroppers.
IFDC Report, Volume 5, No. 3
(1980-09) IFDC
This report highlights several key developments in fertilizer technology and soil chemistry. Firstly, it announces the recipient of the American Chemical Society (ACS) Fertilizer and Soil Chemistry Division Merit Award, Mr Travis P. Hignett, for his outstanding contributions to improving and understanding fertilizer technology and his dedication to its dissemination for global food production. Mr Hignett, with over 51 years of experience as a chemist and chemical engineer, received the award at the 180th National Meeting of ACS. The report then discusses a contract between IFDC and MONOMEROS, a prominent Colombian fertilizer producer, to study the production of nitro phosphate using Sardinata rock. The aim was to utilize local phosphate rock resources to meet the nation's phosphate needs partially. The tests revealed the challenges MONOMEROS faced in using Sardinata ore due to problems with gypsum filtration. However, potential solutions were identified, and further recommendations were made for full-scale plant testing. Another project mentioned is the collaborative effort between IFDC and the Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) in India to identify constraints related to the adoption and demand for fertilizers in the Indian Punjab. The study aims to evaluate the constraints and suggest policy measures to promote economically sound fertilizer use. The findings are expected to benefit both public and private institutions in Punjab and other parts of India and international institutions involved in fertilizer-related agricultural development. Additionally, the report highlights studies conducted by IFDC on the potential uses of phosphate rocks from Sardinata, Colombia, and Eppawala, Sri Lanka. The studies evaluated various production processes and agronomic performance of products made from these phosphate rocks. Promising results were obtained, indicating the suitability of these rocks for fertilizer production. Lastly, the report mentions training programs and visits organized by IFDC, such as a regional fertilizer granulation seminar in Thailand, a fertilizer marketing training program in India, and a fertilizer marketing and distribution program at IFDC Headquarters. These initiatives aimed to enhance knowledge and skills in fertilizer marketing and distribution among participants from different countries.
IFDC Report, Volume 5, No. 4
(1980-12) IFDC
This report highlights the Regional Fertilizer Marketing Training Program conducted by the International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC) in collaboration with The Fertiliser Association of India (FAI). The program aimed to enhance participants' understanding of various aspects of fertilizer marketing necessary for an efficient fertilizer marketing system. It consisted of training sessions, field visits, and discussions led by experts from India, FAO, and IFDC on fertilizer demand, supply, technology, soil research, crop research, fertilizer policies, transportation, marketing costs, and more. Thirty-one participants from 10 countries and 22 organizations attended the program, representing countries such as Bangladesh, Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Burma, Jordan, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia. Field trips were integral to the program, providing practical exposure to fertilizer production, storage, and distribution facilities. Visits included the Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative, Ltd. (IFFCO), Indian Explosives, Ltd., and other locations in Rohtak, as well as farmer field days and demonstrations in Badshahpur and Lali villages. Additionally, the report includes information on IFDC's involvement in a project in Egypt, where bench-scale tests were conducted on converting Abu Tartur phosphate rock into wet-process phosphoric acid. The report also briefly mentions IFDC's work on utilizing Kodjari phosphate rock from Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso) and the Maintenance Management Training Program for Fertilizer Producers conducted at IFDC Headquarters.

46 David Lilienthal Dr, Muscle Shoals, AL 35661 1100 17th St NW, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20036

Copyright © IFDC 2025

Information

Home	\|	About us	\|	Privacy policy

Follow us

Any issue or feedback?