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Browsing Conference Proceedings by Subject "Deep placement"
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- ItemComparison of Yield Response and Nutrient Use Efficiency between Urea Deep Placement Technology and Farmers' Practice of Surface Broadcasting Urea on Transplanted Lowland Rice in Myanmar(2018) Myint Aung; Z.Y. Myint; S. Thura; Grahame Hunter ; Upendra Singh; Joaquin SanabriaUrea deep placement (UDP) adaptation trials in randomized complete block design with four treatments and three replications were conducted in two wet seasons (2014 and 2015) and two dry seasons (2105 and 2016) at selected sites in the Delta Region of Myanmar to study yield comparison and nutrient use efficiency between UDP and surface broadcasting urea on transplanted lowland rice. The four treatments were: (1) control (0 N), (2) farmers' practice of urea application with farmers' rate (FP). (3) urea broadcasting (UB) with the same rate as UDP, and (4) UDP. A Generalized Linear Mixed Model was used to analyze variances among treatments, locations, and interaction of location by treatment for each year/season. Yield superiority of UDP over other treatments and nutrient use efficiency (NUE) for each urea applied treatment were calculated. Significant differences at Poon) were observed among treatments and locations in every year/season. Significant differences of interaction of treatments by locations at Pons) were found in wet season trials only. UDP gave the highest yield at all times. It was significantly higher than FP treatment and often higher than UB treatment. Yield superiority of UDP over UB and FP was 16-18% in the wet season and 24-28% in the dry season. Nutrient use efficiency with UDP was double the NUE with other N-applied treatments. UDP produced 30 kg of rice grain for every kg of N applied while other treatments produced 14-17 kg of rice grain per kg of N applied. UDP is therefore the more effective technology to apply N fertilizer on transplanted lowland rice, and dry season results indicated that yield with UDP could be expected more with best management practices under favorable water conditions and proper water management.
- ItemNitrogen Use Efficiency, Crop Productivity and Environmental Impacts of Urea Deep Placement in Lowland Rice Fields(2016-12) Yam Kanta Gaihre; Upendra Singh; Azmul Huda; S.M. Mofijul Islam; M.R. Islam ; Jatish Chandra Biswas; Josh DeWaldNitrogen (N) fertilization is critical for cereal production; however, its low use efficiency poses both economic and environmental concerns. Urea deep placement (UDP) in lowland rice fields is one of the best currently applicable management techniques to increase N use efficiency (NUE) and crop productivity. Multi-location experiments conducted in Bangladesh in 2014-2015 have demonstrated several benefits of UDP use including reduced N losses through ammonia volatilization and greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions. Nitrogen loss as N2O and NO emissions were measured continuously throughout rice-growing and fallow seasons using an automated gas sampling and analysis system. Across the years and sites, UDP increased yield on average by 21% as compared to broadcast urea while using at least 25% less fertilizer. UDP reduced floodwater ammonium and ammonia volatilization similar to the control (N0) treatment, while both were significantly higher in broadcast urea treatments. UDP reduced N2O emissions by up to 80% as compared to broadcast urea under continuous flooded (CF) conditions. The effects of UDP on N2O emissions under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation practices were site specific: depending on the duration and intensity of soil drying, emissions were reduced under mild soil drying but increased with more intense soil drying. These results confirm that UDP not only increases NUE and grain yields but also reduces negative environmental impacts including N2O emissions.
- ItemUrea Deep Placement Technology and Its Extension to Farmers in Mynmar(2018) H.H Aung; T,H Aung; T.T Aung; A.A Cho; T. Naing; M.M Kyaw; Z.H HylanUrea deep placement (UDP) technology has been introduced to Myanmar by the International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC) as a science-based technology that can increase nitrogen use efficiency by 40%, allowing less urea to be applied to produce higher yields. Farmers can save money, maintain soil fertility of their lands, and can get higher yields. Through the Fertilizer Sector Improvement (FSI) project, IFDC implemented UDP adaptation trials in the 2014 wet season in Yangon, Bago, and Ayeyarwady regions. Extension activities started among farmer communities in the 2015 dry season through a program of "Balanced Nutrient Management and Urea Deep Placement Technology." This included farmer trainings with field demonstrations that publicized the benefits of the new technology. Demonstration plots were established during the 2015 dry season to 2016 wet season with three treatments: (1) UDP on transplanted rice; (2) UDP on broadcast- seeded rice; and (3) farmers' practice of planting and fertilizing. The layout of the demonstration was simple, without replication, but there were at least 30 demonstration plots established in each season. According to the results from four seasons, UDP on transplanted rice was the best nitrogen application practice, followed by UDP on broadcast-seeded rice. The FSI project also took crop cuts from a random sample of farmers' fields who apply UDP in each season. UDP plots produced between 750-1,000 kilograms per hectare (15-20 baskets/acre) more yield than non-UDP plots. These results showed farmers that UDP technology can reduce cost of urea and increase income.