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Browsing Conference Proceedings by Author "Azmul Huda"
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- ItemEfficient Fertilizer and Water management in Rice Cultivation for Food Security and Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions(2018) Yam Kanta Gaihre; Upendra Singh; S.M. Mofijul Islam; Azmul Huda; M.R. Islam; Jatish Chandra BiswasIncreasing nitrogen fertilizer application has increased crop productivity and met the food demands of growing populations, but its use efficiency is very low. More than 50% of applied nitrogen is not utilized by crops, posing huge economic costs and environmental concerns. Therefore, fertilizer management should consider optimum source, rates, time, and methods of application (the “4Rs” of nutrient stewardship) to increase use efficiency, crop yield, soil health, and farm profits and to reduce negative environmental effects. Fertilizer deep placement (FDP) is one of the best currently applicable management techniques to achieve these multiple benefits. Multi-location experiments were conducted in Bangladesh to determine the effects of urea deep placement (UDP) and multi-nutrient fertilizer briquette (NPK) deep placement versus broadcast prilled urea (PU) on rice yields, nitrogen use efficiency, and nitrogen losses, including floodwater ammonium, ammonia volatilization, and nitrous oxide emissions. Deep placement of both urea and NPK briquettes in the dry (Boro) season increased grain yields. Across the years, the average observed yield increase was 30% compared to broadcast PU. Deep placement significantly reduced nitrogen losses compared to broadcast PU. Broadcast PU resulted in higher amounts of ammonium in floodwater and ammonia volatilization, both of which were negligible in deep-placed treatments. Moreover, UDP reduced nitrous oxide emissions by 70% as compared to broadcast PU. In Bangladesh, fertilizer briquettes are produced by micro-enterprises and applied manually in fields. This approach is effective in small-scale farming where household labor is sufficient for cultivation but requires modifications to work in larger scale farming systems where labor availability is an issue. Another issue relates to the nonavailability of fertilizer briquettes throughout the country. Therefore, for large-scale dissemination in other rice-growing countries in Asia, including China and India where greater N use efficiency gains can be realized, government and/or private sector actors must work together to promote wide-scale adoption by farmers through industrial-level briquette production and mechanized on-farm application.
- ItemFertilizer Deep Placement Increases Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Rice Productivity(2016-03) Yam Kanta Gaihre; Upendra Singh; Azmul Huda; S.M. Mofijul Islam; M. Rafiqul Islam; Jatish Chandra Biswas ; Josh DeWaldIncreasing nitrogen fertilizer application has increased crop productivity and met the food demands of growing populations, but its use efficiency is very low. More than 50% of applied nitrogen is not utilized by crops, posing huge economical costs and environmental concerns. Therefore, fertilizer management should consider optimum time, rates, source and methods of application (the “4Rs” of nutrient stewardship) to increase use efficiency, crop yield, soil health and farm profits and to reduce negative environmental effects. Fertilizer deep placement (FDP) is one of the best currently applicable management techniques to achieve these multiple benefits. Experiments were conducted at different locations of Bangladesh to determine the effects of urea deep placement (UDP) and multi-nutrient fertilizer briquette (NPK) deep placement vs broadcast prilled urea (PU) on rice yields, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen losses including floodwater ammonium, ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emissions. Deep placement of both urea and NPK briquettes in dry (Boro) season increased grain yields. Across the years, the average observed yield increase was 30% compared to broadcast PU. Deep placement significantly reduced nitrogen losses compared to broadcast PU. Broadcast PU resulted in higher amounts of ammonium in floodwater and ammonia volatilization, both of which were negligible in deep placed treatments. Moreover, UDP reduced nitrous oxide emissions by 70% as compared to broadcast PU. In Bangladesh, fertilizer briquettes are produced by micro-enterprises and applied manually in fields. This approach is effective in small scale farming where household labour is sufficient for cultivation but requires modifications to work in larger scale farming systems where labour availability is an issue. Due to the increasing trend of labour outmigration, availability of labour has become one of the major issues of FDP adoption. Another issue relates to the non-availability of fertilizer briquettes throughout the country. Therefore, for large scale dissemination in other countries such as China and India, where greater N use efficiency gains can be realized, government and/or private sector actors must work together to promote wide-scale adoption by farmers through industrial-level briquette production and mechanized on-farm application.
- ItemNitrogen Use Efficiency, Crop Productivity and Environmental Impacts of Urea Deep Placement in Lowland Rice Fields(2016-12) Yam Kanta Gaihre; Upendra Singh; Azmul Huda; S.M. Mofijul Islam; M.R. Islam ; Jatish Chandra Biswas; Josh DeWaldNitrogen (N) fertilization is critical for cereal production; however, its low use efficiency poses both economic and environmental concerns. Urea deep placement (UDP) in lowland rice fields is one of the best currently applicable management techniques to increase N use efficiency (NUE) and crop productivity. Multi-location experiments conducted in Bangladesh in 2014-2015 have demonstrated several benefits of UDP use including reduced N losses through ammonia volatilization and greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions. Nitrogen loss as N2O and NO emissions were measured continuously throughout rice-growing and fallow seasons using an automated gas sampling and analysis system. Across the years and sites, UDP increased yield on average by 21% as compared to broadcast urea while using at least 25% less fertilizer. UDP reduced floodwater ammonium and ammonia volatilization similar to the control (N0) treatment, while both were significantly higher in broadcast urea treatments. UDP reduced N2O emissions by up to 80% as compared to broadcast urea under continuous flooded (CF) conditions. The effects of UDP on N2O emissions under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation practices were site specific: depending on the duration and intensity of soil drying, emissions were reduced under mild soil drying but increased with more intense soil drying. These results confirm that UDP not only increases NUE and grain yields but also reduces negative environmental impacts including N2O emissions.