Fertilizer Use, Markets, and Management
Date
2010
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Abstract
Fertilizer plays a crucial role in rice production worldwide, with total nutrient consumption steadily increasing over the years, particularly in developing economies. While fertilizer usage remains on an upward trajectory in many developing countries, stagnation or decline is observed in certain developed and developing nations. Despite its significant contribution to total factor productivity (TFP) in developing countries, concerns over environmental externalities and economic sustainability arise. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are vital nutrients essential for rice cultivation, with N being the most limiting factor. Future projections suggest rising costs and challenges in N fertilizer production, highlighting the need for enhanced nutrient-use efficiency. Similarly, phosphate and potash fertilizers face future availability and cost challenges, necessitating improved management practices. Market distortions, subsidies, and policy environments significantly influence fertilizer use, posing economic and sustainability challenges. Site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) emerges as a promising approach to optimize fertilizer application, improving productivity and profitability. Emphasis on maximizing agronomic efficiency of fertilizer N, along with proper P and K management, can enhance fertilizer-use efficiency and mitigate environmental impacts. As the global agricultural landscape evolves, addressing these challenges and implementing sustainable fertilizer management practices are imperative for ensuring food security and environmental sustainability in rice production.
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Keywords
Nutrient use efficiency, Fertilizers, Rice