TVA Fertilizer Research

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https://hub.ifdc.org/handle/20.500.14297/1630

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Browsing TVA Fertilizer Research by Subject "Mixers"

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    How To Prevent Segregation in Granular Bulk Blends
    (1982-01) Achorn, Frank P.
    Bulk blending is a widely adopted marketing system for granular mixtures in the United States and many other countries. This publications summarizes key findings and recommendations on preventing segregation in granular bulk blends based on a study of bulk blend plants and mixing equipment. The research identifies various equipment configurations and operational efficiencies, such as automated systems and mixers. It explores the challenges associated with mixer design, particle size distribution, and the impact of other materials on blend uniformity. The importance of using particle size analysis and implementing appropriate precautions during handling and application is emphasized. The study highlights the use of newer materials, such as granular monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and urea-ammonium phosphate (UAP) blends, which offer compatibility and storage stability advantages. Practical recommendations are provided to enhance the quality and uniformity of granular bulk blends, contributing to efficient and effective fertilizer application.
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    Some Liquid and Bulk Blending Fertilizer Facilities Now in Existence
    (1963-09) Achorn, Frank P.
    The establishment of liquid and bulk-blending fertilizer plants has increased significantly over the past decade. These plants, with capacities ranging from 2,000 to 5,000 tons of fertilizer per year, offer low investment and operating costs, making them attractive to nitrogen, P2O5, and K2O producers. This presentation provides a general discussion of the equipment used in manufacturing liquid and bulk-blended fertilizers, focusing on plants currently in use. Liquid fertilizer plants can be classified as liquid hot-mix or liquid cold-mix plants. Liquid hot-mix plants neutralize phosphoric acid with aqua ammonia or anhydrous ammonia, generating chemical heat. Liquid cold-mix plants mix high-phosphate liquid base solutions with urea-ammonium nitrate and potash. The presentation describes the equipment and processes involved in these types of plants. Bulk blending plants, which have gained popularity in the Midwest and other regions, involve dry-mixing solid raw materials to create customized mixtures with different nutrient contents. The raw materials are weighed, mixed, and conveyed to bulk trucks or bagging machines. The various types of mixers used in bulk blending plants, such as rotary mixers, mixing screw conveyors, ribbon mixers, and gravity-flow mixers, are discussed. The presentation also touches on materials handling systems, weighing devices, and different mixing techniques used in these fertilizer manufacturing facilities. While other types of liquid plants and blending systems are available, the focus is on the plants currently in general use.