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Impact of Micronized Sulfur and Nitrogen Stabilizers on Nitrogen Transformation and Losses from Urea
(2024-11-13) Syam Dodla; Kiran Pavuluri; Upendra Singh; Wendie D. Bible; Job Fugice; Jason Obrien; Rafael A. Garcia; Kent Martin
While fertilizers are vital for food production, their environmental and health impacts necessitate a redesign. This study explores new micronized sulfur-containing nitrogen fertilizers (MSN) that offer potential benefits compared to traditional options. The objective is to understand the transformation and loss pathways of MSN such as 40-0-0-13 (MSN40) and 11-0-0-75 (MSN11) in different soil types. This study evaluated the transformation and loss pathways of nitrogen (N) from above fertilizers with and without urease (UI) and nitrification (NI) inhibitors in comparison to Urea. Results of the study showed that the MSN fertilizers had slightly lower and delayed peak NH3 volatilization compared to Urea. The use of UI with MSN fertilizers reduced NH3 volatilization losses more effectively than UI usage with Urea, indicating potential synergies between UI and S. The hydrolysis of MSN fertilizers was slowed down by the UI under both acidic and alkaline conditions similar to Urea fertilizer. The coating of MSN fertilizers with UI+NI significantly delayed NH4+ nitrification, in a manner that was either better (with MSN11) or similar to what was observed with Urea fertilizer. Coating of MSN fertilizers with UI or UI+NI delayed N leaching losses, indicating prolonged N availability in the soil. These results were corroborated by a greenhouse sorghum study where MSN fertilizers with UI or UI+NI led to higher total N uptake and higher grain yield than Urea fertilizer with UI or UI+NI. MSN fertilizers also resulted in higher total sulfur (S) uptake by sorghum, indicating improved S nutrition. Overall, the study revealed MSN fertilizers had significantly improved total N uptake by sorghum and had similar to significantly higher grain yields, especially at lower N application rate due to decreased N losses. Both urease and nitrification inhibitors show potential to further improve grain yields with MSN fertilizers similar.
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Transfer Efficient Agricultural Technology through Market Systems in Mozambique- Baseline Report September 2021
(2021-09)
TEAMS program engaged 15,418 farmers (62% women) which are being assisted with traineingson the best agricultural practices to increase productivity and resilience to climate change. In partneship with SDAEs and large inputs supply companies, the program is assisting farmers through technicians and through ICT4Ag packages. The program also explored partnerships and synergies with other partners or initiatives outside the consortium. For instance, TEAMS collaborated with the Peace Process Secretariat (PPS) in assisting the Demobilization, Disarmament, and Reintegration (DDR) process through training demobilized guerrillas in CSA and business skills as part of social reintegration. A total of 590 (62 women) ex-combatants were integrated into farmer groups assisted by the program and developed skills for agriculture activity. Therefore, this report provides information on the activities carried out by the TEAMS program in the Manica and Sofala province as follows:
Main findings
• 47% of the interviewed farmers have primary education, 33% have no schooling and 19% have secondary education. More details are in the chart below.
• The Farmer households have on average between 6 and 7 members (6 in Sofala province and & in Manica province), with 52% between 4 and 8 members, these households cultivate areas ranging from 0.1 to 16 Acre.
• 50% of the areas from 2.1 to 4 hectares, 27% from 0 to 2 hectares, and 15% with an area of 4.1 to 6 hectares. 69% of the land plowed by farmers is nearly flat and 31% is sloped.
• For the cultivation process, 92% farmers are using labor from family members, 5% use hired labor, and 3% use labor from family, friends, and neighbors.
• The land is mostly (58.8%) owned by adult men and 40.3% owned by adult women.
• During the last 12 months, farmers produced 96% corn, 32% caw pea, 30% graded nuts, 26% beans, 26% rice, 24% sweet potatoes, 23% sesame, 21% cassava, vegetables, pumpkin, and sorghum.
• The average corn crops the farmer's harvest is 500 kg/ha, 451 kg/ha in Sofala, and 551 kg/ha in Manica, this production is mostly destined for consumption in the household, and a small part 28% is for marketing.
• For rice cultivation, farmers reported harvesting 365 kg/ha, being 422 kg/ha in Sofala and 308 kg in Sofala province, this production is for household consumption and sale, only farmers in Sofala province reported selling rice produced.
• The average bean crop is harvested at 230 kg/ha, most of which are for household consumption and a small amount for marketing, only farmers in the province of Manica reported selling the beans produced.
The most important for the household, 90% is corn, followed by rice and beans.
• 75% of farmers cultivate Kale, 60% Tomatoes, 50% Cabbage and Lecture
• 49% of farmers have Mango trees, 35% bananas, 20% papaya, and 15% Pineapple and Guava.
• 75% of farmers did not use any type of agricultural inputs and 25% had used at least one type of agricultural input in the last 12 months. 15% used fertilizers, 6% used pesticides and improved seeds.
• 52 Farmers obtain seeds less than 20 km, 4 between 20 and 40 km, and the rest more than 100 km from their household.
• 17% of the households had irrigated agricultural areas and 83% did not. 70% use pouring water by hand, 16% use an Electric or diesel pump.
• Farmers, irrigate their farm in June, July, and August with 13%, 14%, and 15% of responses and in the remaining months of the year with percentages ranging from 5% to 7%.
• 71% of farmers tilled their agricultural areas using swamps (using hands), 20% used animal traction and 3% answered using machines for farming.
• 90% of farmers do not use vegetables to improve soil fertility, 33% of Farmers plants vegetables as a food and sale crop, 6% plants before or after culture, and 5% intercrop.
• The income obtained from the sale of agricultural production 96% used to compare food, 50% to buy possessions (clothes, vehicles, items for the family), 42% with household members (education, health, travel, etc.), and 30% is used to invest in agriculture.
• Farmers have other sources of income, 9% Have onw Business, 5% Work in local business, 3% Labor on other farms, Labor, not on farm and Sale of firewood or charcoal, 2% Work for government or public institution.
• Income from activities outside agriculture 22% used to compare food, 19% to buy possessions (clothes, vehicles, family items), 17% with household members (education, health, travel, etc.), and 10% is used to invest in agriculture
• 60% of the farmers going hungry in January and February, 50% in November and December. In Sofala province with less intensity in November and December with an average below 40%.
• Farmers fed mostly (above 50%) with tubers, vegetables, and leafy vegetables, 30% with vegetables, less than 20% with nut seeds, fruits, eggs, meat, and milk.
In 2020, 71% of farmers are unable to eat healthy and nutritious food, 68% until only a few kinds of foods, 67% worried about not having enough to eat, 64% had to skip a meal, 63% until less than you thought should, 53% were hungry but did not eat, 52% ran out of food, 29% went without eating for a whole day.
• During the best months of the year, 48% of farmers eat food produced in their fields, 38% bought it, 8% received or made some exchange and 5% did not eat.
• During the worst months of the year, 49% of farmers eat purchased products, 41% depend on what they produce, 7% do not eat, and 6% depend on offers.
• Last year 44% of farmers received aid from the government, NGOs, or other organizations. Of those who received, 89% received agricultural inputs, 44% received food, 2% received money and or animals.
• The assisted farmers raise 50% chickens, 30% goats, 20% cattle and less than 10% raise pigs. Farmers in Manica Province raise more goats and cattle while in Sofala Province raise more Chickens and Goats.
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Transfer Efficient Agricultural technology through Market Systems in Mozambique- Annual Report January- December 2021
(2022-03)
International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), in partnership with African Fertilizer and Agribusiness Partnership (AFAP), United Purpose (UP), and Associação kwaedza Simukai Manica (AKSM), is implementing the Embassy of Sweden-funded Transfer Efficient Agricultural technologies through Market Systems (TEAMS) program in the Manica and Sofala provinces of Mozambique. Following an inclusive market systems approach, the program is expanding program-supported linkages between farmers and agribusiness to supply essential cost-effective inputs and extension services. Ultimately, scaling the adoption of productivity-enhancing technologies and practices observing gender balance through farm demonstrations organized under public and private sector partnerships. The consortium, led by IFDC, is implementing the TEAMS program, which is a continuation of the program Food security through climate change Adaptation and Resilience (FAR-Sofala). The TEAMS program aims to reach more than 15,000 farmers in three (3) districts of Sofala Province, Nhamatanda, Buzi, and Chibabava, and four (4) districts of Manica Province, Macate, Vanduzi, Sussundenga, and Manica. By 2021, 15,418 farmers (62% women) were assisted and trained with the best agricultural practices to increase productivity and resilience to climate change, and 7,832 farmers who applied climate-smart agriculture practices (CSA) increased vegetable production with surplus sold, contributing to household income. Furthermore, as part of adaptation measures to the restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the program introduced innovative and appropriate solutions to continue assisting armers on CSA utilizing Information and Communications Technologies for Agriculture (ICT4Ag). Twenty-four (24) extension messages were broadcasted, which benefited 5,968 (62% women) farmers. The program also explored partnerships and synergies with other partners or initiatives outside the consortium. For instance, TEAMS collaborated with the Peace Process Secretariat (PPS) in assisting the Demobilization, Disarmament, and Reintegration (DDR) process through training demobilized guerrillas in CSA and business skills as part of social reintegration. A total of 590 (62 women) ex-combatants were integrated into farmer groups assisted by the program and developed skills for agriculture activity. Therefore, this report provides information on the activities carried out by the TEAMS program in the Manica and Sofala province as follows:
Main TEAMS program interventions and achievements:
▪ Facilitated the training of 15,418 farmers (62% women) on CSA through local promoters of agricultural technologies, innovation transfer, and private sector activities.
▪ 60% (9 183) of trained farmers applied at least one climate-smart agricultural practice.
▪ Trained 7,229 smallholder farmers on using and managing low-cost irrigation systems to increase horticulture production.
▪ Facilitated the introduction of 127 irrigation systems in collaboration with agro-dealers and farmers organizations to intensify vegetable production.
▪ Supported establishment of 16 agro-dealers by building improved and resistant input and retail shops.
▪ Established/faciliated the linkages between farmers and local agro-dealers through field days on the benefits of using improved seeds, fertilizers, and other inputs demonstrated in the Agrarian Technology and Innovation Transfer Unities (UTTIAs).
▪ Facilitated the training of 5,318 farmers on vegetable processing practices to improve the nutrition.
Facilitated the training of 4,596 smallholder farmers on post-harvest handling and vegetable crop management.
▪ 322 metric tons (mt) of crops such as maize, sesame, and pigeon pea, aggregated from local farmers through 15 agro-dealers as a result of the training provided on output agregation.
▪ Facilitated 77 contracts between farmers and 7 local agro-dealers for improved inputs access.
▪ Supported local seedling producer on-demand creation and increased outreach to 2001 farmers.
▪ Facilitated 3 contracts between farmers and local schools for vegetable supply, benefiting 30 farmers (24 female) with a total amount of MZM 372,004.
▪ A total of 1,554 farmers (923 women) accessed funds through 69 village savings and loan associations (VSLAs) and invested in agriculture production and small business.
▪ Supported 17 spray service providers with starter kits to assist 2,001 vegetable producers in 7 communities on pest control.
▪ Facilitate the training and auditing of 197 vegetable producers (42 women) on local good agricultural practices (GAPs).
▪ Trained and coached 12 489 (81% of farmers assisted by program) of farmers assisted by program producing vegetables as income diversification and increasing resilience to climate changes.
▪ Supported 51% (7832 of farmers assisted) of farmers assisted in increasing vegetable productivity and income 2 times through improved inputs.
▪ Improvement of annual income of farmers from U.S. $126/year to U.S. $396/year per farmer.
▪ 15,418 farmers (9,559 women and 5,859 men) assisted in preventing massive contamination by COVID-19 during fieldwork, training, and distribution of personal and Grapepel Prevention Material.
▪ Atotal of 590 (62 women) ex-combatants were integrated into farmers groups assisted by the program and developed skills for agriculture activity.
▪ A total of 5,968 farmers (of 4,476 program farmers and an additional 1,492 farmers not assisted directly by program) assisted through ICT for agriculture tool (SMS platform) to respond to the pest attacks (maize funnel caterpillar) caused by the late and irregular fall of rains.
▪ At least 60% (9 251) of farmers received information on extension through radio broadcast and applied at least one recommendation to improve production in these districts.
▪ A total of 10,827 farmers (59% women) were trained on food processing to produce tomato jam, dry vegetables to be used in less availability period of the year, orange flashed potato juice and cakes, rice cakes, and kale juice, what allowed 6,388 women to develop skills on improved food preparation to improve household nutrition and food availability.
▪ Contributed to local employment by training and equiping with start-up kits 8 youth for pest and diseases management to provide spraying service to farmers.
▪ A total of 4,889 program farmers (61% women) that applied improved inputs and agricultural practices for cereals and legumes had better productivity (from 32% to the double) compared with farmers that did not use CSA practices and inputs inputs.
▪ To increase purchasing power for improved inputs and improve market-oriented production planning, the program introduced the agricultural fund to savings groups and linked these groups with local agro-dealers for timely provisioning of inputs.
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Module1 : Gestion Integrée de la Fertilité des Sols; Pratiques de Fertilisation des Sols Adaptées aux Conditions Locales
(2014)
Ce document fournit un guide de formation complet pour améliorer les pratiques de gestion de la fertilité des sols grâce à l'approche de gestion intégrée de la fertilité des sols (ISFM) dans le contexte du programme USAID WACIP. Il se concentre sur l'amélioration de la productivité agricole grâce à des techniques efficaces adaptées aux conditions locales, en particulier pour les cultures comme le coton, le maïs, les arachides, le soja et le niébé. La formation est divisée en quatre thèmes principaux : le respect des filières techniques de production, l'intégration des systèmes de culture et d'élevage, l'utilisation d'engrais organiques et les pratiques de rotation des cultures. Le module vise à doter les participants des compétences nécessaires pour guider les agriculteurs dans la mise en œuvre de ces meilleures pratiques, conduisant à des rendements accrus et à des pratiques agricoles durables. Le document comprend des instructions détaillées sur la préparation du sol, la fertilisation, la lutte antiparasitaire et le maintien de la fertilité du sol. Il souligne l’importance de la rotation des cultures, de l’utilisation efficace des engrais organiques et minéraux et de la lutte intégrée contre les ravageurs pour garantir la santé et la productivité des sols à long terme.
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Cassava + Improved Varieties
(2013)
This manual discusses four main varieties, namely TMS 505, TME 419, TMS 0581, and TMS 30572. TMS 505 has a moderate height of between 2-3 cm. It has an average yield of 34 MT/ha but is unsuitable for mixed cropping. TME 4A9 has an average height of 3-4 cm and produces an average yield of 34 MT/ha. The dry matter of fresh roots is 39. TMS 0581 is 3 m tall and fairly suitable for mixed cropping. It produces an average yield of 40 MT/ha, and the dry matter of fresh roots is 36. TMS 30572 has a moderate height of between 1.8 and 2.5 m and is fairly suitable for mixed cropping. TMS 30572 produces an average yield of 35 MT/ha, and the dry matter of fresh roots is 36.