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Browsing by Subject "Adaptation"

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    Effects of Climate Adaptation on Households’ Livelihood Vulnerability in South Tongu and Zabzugu Districts of Ghana
    (2020-05-04) Shaibu Baanni Azumah; William Adzawla; Samuel A. Donkoh; Paul Yao Anani
    This study analysed the effects of climate adaptation strategies on households’ livelihood vulnerability, by using primary data from 300 farm households in the north (Zabzugu district) and south (South Tongu district) of Ghana. From a Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) and LVI-IPCC index, the results established that the average farmer was moderately vulnerable, with farmers in the north showing significantly higher vulnerability than those in the south of Ghana. Exposure to climate change was found to contribute more to the vulnerability of the farm households. The beta regression analysis shows that row planting and use of early maturing varieties had positive significant effects on vulnerability, while refilling, strip cropping, mulching, and land rotation had negative significant effects on vulnerability. From a 2SLS, there is a positive feedback between livelihood vulnerability and climate adaptation intensity. Considering the low adoption, and the importance of strip cropping, mulching, and land rotation in reducing the vulnerability farm households, there is the need for actors in the agriculture sector to establish demonstration farms to train farmers on how to adopt as well as the benefits of these technologies. Also, credit opportunities should be made available to farmers especially those in Farmer-Based Organisations.
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    Genotype by Environment Interaction (GxE) as a Measure of Yield Stability of Dutch Potato Varieties in Uganda
    (2018-04-04) Arinaitwe Abel Byarugaba; Mateeka Benon; Tibanyedera Deo; Alex Barekye
    Twenty one (21) Dutch potato varieties were introduced in Uganda during 2015-2016 seasons for national yield performance and adaptability studies so that most stable varieties could be identified for production. The effect of genotype (G), environment (E) and their interaction (G x E) on tuber yield was assessed to establish variety adaptation in different agro ecologies. Five sites were used in the study that included; Kalegyere (2450 m/asl), Kachwekano (2225m/asl), Rwebitaba (1531m/asl), Buginyanya (1887m/asl) and Zeu-DFI (1642m/asl). The varieties that yielded highest were; El-mundo (22 t ha-1 ), Sarpomira (22 t ha-1 ), Connect (21.7T/ha), Rudolph (21.4t ha-1 ), Arizona (20.3 t ha-1 ), Voyager (20 t ha-1 ), Faluka (19.9 t ha-1 ) and Sagitta (19.9 t ha-1 ). GxE analysis was done using Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and results showed that GxE interaction accounted for 12.6% of the total variation, while genotypes and environments accounted for 5.7% and 59.7% of the total variation respectively. The AMMI bi-plots identified varieties Caruso, Derby, Voyager, Royal, Navigator, Manitou, Destiny, Musica and Markies to have the lowest (0.00033-0.6609) IPCA 1 score hence were most adapted. Varieties Rwagume, Sarpo Mira, Connect and Kachpot 1 were more adapted at Kalegyere site (-3.601 IPCA1 score) while Sarpo Mira, Connect, El-Mundo and Rudolph were adapted at Kachwekano site (-0.562 IPCA1 score). Varieties Arizona, Faluka, Panamera and Connect were adapted at Zeu (0.125 IPCA1 score). Varieties El-Mundo, Arizona, Rudolph and Connect were more adapted at Buginyanya ZARDI (0.498 IPCA1 score) while El-Mundo, Rudolph, Sagitta and Royal most adapted at Rwebitaba ZARDI (3.54 IPCA1 score). The most interactive genotype was Rwagume with interaction score of - 2.30516 while the least interactive genotype were Caruso and Taurus with IPCA 1 score of 0.00033 and 0.01086 respectively.
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    Smallholder Farmers’ Adaptation To Rainfall Variability In Northern Ghana
    (2020-03) Salisu Mustapha; Tijani Inusah Iddrisu; William Adzawla
    Irregular rainfall pattern pose challenges to smallholder farmers in Ghana, especially, those in the Northern Region, who risk losing their major source of livelihood as a result of the devastating impacts of climate change. To ensure food and livelihood security, smallholder farmers adopt indigenous and modern soil and water conservation strategies. This study therefore examined the influencing factors of adaptation to irregular rainfall pattern and the challenges therein. A cross sectional data of 140 households from five (5) randomly selected districts in the Northern region of Ghana was used. Results of a Negative Binomial Regression showed that access to extension services and credit positively influenced the number of adaptation strategies to irregular rainfall pattern. Also, quantity harvested, gender and age negatively influenced the number of adaptation strategies adopted by a farmer. Consistently, lack of credit was the first major constraint to climate adaptation among the farmers. The study recommends that extension services, credit facilities as well as education of smallholder farmers should be intensified to promote adaptation to the rainfall patterns in the region. Also, government’s effort is needed in developing irrigation facilities to aid smallholder farmers to offset the potential effects of climate change. Overall, this study provides suggestions to policy makers on how to improve climate adaptation in the region. Future studies should examine forms and effectiveness of climate change communication, since effective communication is imperative to the adoption of modern agricultural practices.