TVA Fertilizer Research

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Browsing TVA Fertilizer Research by Subject "Ammonium phosphate"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    1966 Survey of Continuous Ammoniator-Granulator
    (1966-11) Achorn, Frank P.; Lewis, J.S. Jr.
    This document summarizes the content of material presenting the results of a 1966 survey conducted on the continuous ammoniator-granulator used in the fertilizer industry. The study aimed to determine changes in ammoniator-granulator practices over the past five years. Questionnaires were sent to 142 companies, and replies from 57 companies concerning 122 ammoniator-granulators were received. The survey highlights several key trends, including an increase in the size of ammoniator-granulators and a shift toward producing different fertilizer grades, such as ammonium phosphates and granular superphosphates. The report provides detailed data on the grades and ratios produced by ammoniator-granulators and information on equipment specifications, construction materials, and granulation control methods. The findings offer valuable insights for operators using continuous ammoniator-granulators in the fertilizer industry, allowing them to assess their operations compared to industry trends and practices.
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    Advantages of Producing and Using Monoammonium Phosphate
    (1980-10) Hubert L. Balay; Jeffery L. Greenhill
    This document explores the advantages of producing and utilizing monoammonium phosphate (MAP) as a fertilizer ingredient. Since the 1960s, the production of ammonium phosphate has been primarily focused on granular diammonium phosphate (DAP). However, MAP has gained popularity due to its versatility and benefits as a fluid fertilizer base. The document highlights the advantages of MAP production in various aspects, including ammonium phosphate production plants, regional granulation plants, bulk blending plants, fluid fertilizer production, transportation, storage, and agronomics. The document discusses the advantages of using MAP over DAP in ammonium phosphate production, particularly in scrubbing processes. The MAP production process simplifies scrubbing and offers greater flexibility in acid concentration. Nongranular MAP production methods are also explored, emphasizing their simplicity and suitability for storage, handling, and transportation. The document further elaborates on the advantages of MAP in regional granulation plants. By adjusting the ammoniation ratio, regional granulation plants can increase the amount of phosphoric acid used, thereby improving granulation efficiency and product storage. The introduction of the pipe-cross reactor is highlighted as a development that enables the use of higher amounts of phosphoric acid in regional granulation plants. Additionally, the benefits of MAP in bulk blending and suspension fertilizers are discussed. MAP allows for a wide range of blending ratios without additional phosphate materials, offering logistical advantages. It is also favored in suspension fertilizers due to lower shipping costs and the absence of cold weather storage issues associated with fluid bases.
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    Producing and Marketing Suspension Fertilizers From Solids
    (1977-07) Hubert L. Balay; Salladay, David G.
    This material discusses the production and marketing of suspension fertilizers from solid materials, focusing on the advantages of fluid fertilizers over solid ones. The authors highlight the ease of mixing and uniform application of pesticides as a significant advantage of fluid fertilizers, along with other properties such as accuracy of application, low salt index, and the ability to mix and apply secondary and micronutrients uniformly. Traditionally, fluid fertilizers have been considered premium products due to their advantages and higher prices resulting from the costlier phosphate materials used in their production. However, in the face of rising costs and the need for cheaper raw materials, using solids to produce fluids has gained traction. The authors explore the use of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and diammonium phosphate (DAP) as popular solid bases for fluid fertilizers, discussing their solubility and production methods. The potential use of triple superphosphate and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as phosphate sources in fluid fertilizers is also mentioned. Overall, the material provides insights into the historical development and current practices of producing suspension fertilizers from solid materials.
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    Trends in Fertilizer Use
    (1986-01) Hubert L. Balay
    The material explores trends in fertilizer use within the United States, with a focus on engineering aspects and their implications for the fertilizer industry. The author examines changes in fertilizer production and distribution, specifically highlighting the shift from granulated fertilizer to bulk blends and fluids. Bulk blending, facilitated by imported urea and cost-effective handling equipment, has gained market share due to its convenience and versatility in providing customized fertilizer formulations at lower prices. However, challenges related to analysis accuracy and micronutrient integration persist in bulk blends. Additionally, the decline in the number of NPK granulation plants is noted, with a shift towards ammonium phosphate (MAP) as a phosphate source for fluid fertilizers, offering stability, lower N:P2O5 ratios, and improved blending properties. The potential use of ammonium polyphosphate (GAPP) as a granular alternative is also explored. Fluid fertilizers, particularly suspensions, are gaining competitiveness with dry blends due to cost advantages and the utilization of low-cost nitrogen sources such as urea and ammonia. The material discusses various techniques for producing liquid fertilizers, including the use of ammonia in closed systems and the production of slow-release formulations. Furthermore, the study addresses the emerging trend of utilizing industrial waste products containing plant nutrients as fertilizers, emphasizing the need for appropriate treatment and evaluation. The role of computer programs in fertilizer formulation and plant design is briefly mentioned, along with the growing concerns regarding pollution and runoff from fertilizer plants. Finally, advancements in application equipment are highlighted, including the development of "boomed dry spreaders" and specialized applicators for banding fertilizers in reduced tillage systems.