TVA Fertilizer Research

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Browsing TVA Fertilizer Research by Author "Salladay, David G."

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    Process and Product Considerations of Fluid Lime
    (1980-08-26) Hubert L. Balay; Salladay, David G.
    This material provides an overview of fluid lime's process and product considerations, focusing on its various applications and the challenges associated with its production and use. It highlights the widespread use of limestone in construction, agriculture, metallurgy, and chemical processes. The report discusses the importance of limestone in agriculture for raising soil pH and improving crop yields. It emphasizes the significance of limestone's particle size and chemical composition in determining its effectiveness in soil neutralization. The publication further explores the concept of fluid lime, which involves applying finely-ground limestone as a suspension, thereby eliminating dust during handling and promoting rapid reaction in the soil. It describes the equipment and mixing procedures involved in producing limestone suspensions, including the use of combination mixing-storage systems to address storage and handling issues. The document also explores the potential use of byproduct sources of limestone, such as precipitated flue dust from cement plants and waste materials from sugar refining and pulp and paper industries, as alternative raw materials for fluid lime suspensions.
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    Producing and Marketing Suspension Fertilizers From Solids
    (1977-07) Hubert L. Balay; Salladay, David G.
    This material discusses the production and marketing of suspension fertilizers from solid materials, focusing on the advantages of fluid fertilizers over solid ones. The authors highlight the ease of mixing and uniform application of pesticides as a significant advantage of fluid fertilizers, along with other properties such as accuracy of application, low salt index, and the ability to mix and apply secondary and micronutrients uniformly. Traditionally, fluid fertilizers have been considered premium products due to their advantages and higher prices resulting from the costlier phosphate materials used in their production. However, in the face of rising costs and the need for cheaper raw materials, using solids to produce fluids has gained traction. The authors explore the use of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and diammonium phosphate (DAP) as popular solid bases for fluid fertilizers, discussing their solubility and production methods. The potential use of triple superphosphate and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as phosphate sources in fluid fertilizers is also mentioned. Overall, the material provides insights into the historical development and current practices of producing suspension fertilizers from solid materials.
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    Production and Consumption of Sulfur-Bearing Fertilizers in the United States
    (1983-08-31) Salladay, David G.; Hargett, Norman L.
    This material summarizes the content of a material discussing the production and consumption of sulfur-bearing fertilizers in the United States. It highlights the historical significance of sulfur as a plant nutrient and emphasizes the need to review its use in modern agricultural practices. The material explores areas of sulfur deficiency in different states, factors complicating the identification of sulfur deficiencies, and the role of atmospheric deposition in sulfur availability. It also discusses the production of granular sulfur-bearing fertilizers, such as monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and diammonium phosphate (DAP), as well as fluid sulfur-bearing fertilizers like ammonium thiosulfate and urea-ammonium sulfate. The document concludes by mentioning mathematical equations for formulating consistent quality clay suspensions in fluid fertilizers and developing a new urea-ammonium sulfate suspension.
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    Recent Developments in the Production and Use of Monoammonium Phosphate
    (1976-10) Hubert L. Balay; Salladay, David G.
    This document provides an overview of the recent developments in the production and utilization of monoammonium phosphate (MAP). The versatility of MAP has contributed to its growing popularity as a granular bulk blend material and a replacement for superphosphates in granulation plants. The low delivery cost of MAP compared to other ammonium phosphate products has further increased its appeal. The document explores various grades of MAP being produced and the processes involved in its production. The use of MAP in bulk blending is examined, highlighting its advantage over diammonium phosphate in achieving a wide range of blend ratios without the need for additional phosphate materials. The document discusses the need for additional nitrogen when using MAP and the availability of local nitrogen suppliers. Formulas for common grades blended from MAP, and diammonium phosphate are provided. Furthermore, the document explores the use of powdered MAP in granulation plants, particularly as a replacement for normal superphosphate and triple superphosphate. The cost-effectiveness, convenience in shipping, and compatibility with existing equipment make MAP a preferred choice in granulating high nitrogen grades. Operational experiences from a plant using MAP in the granulation process are shared, including challenges encountered and successful formulations. The document also discusses the use of MAP in fluid fertilizers and its contribution to suspension fertilizers. Factors such as impurity content, mole ratios, and the need for high-intensity mixing equipment are considered. Additionally, the production of ammonium polyphosphate from wet-process phosphoric acid is addressed, highlighting its storage and handling characteristics. Collapse
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    Status of NPKs Ammoniation-Granulation Plants and TVA Pipe-Cross Reactor
    (1980-10) Salladay, David G.; Cole, Carl A. Jr.
    This document provides an overview of the status and prospects of NPKS (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur) ammoniation-granulation plants and TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority) pipe-cross reactors in the fertilizer industry. The study conducted surveys and interviews with plant production supervisors to gather data on the number of operating plants, annual tonnage produced, and the use of pipe-cross reactors. The results indicate that 107 granulation plants operated by 37 companies had 8.5 million tons of homogeneous NPKS granular fertilizers in the last year. The most popular grades produced include 6-24-24, 10-10-10, and 13-13-13, among others. Additionally, the installation and operation of pipe-cross reactors are discussed, highlighting design features, operating parameters, and significant results. Using pipe-cross reactors has led to savings in fossil fuel heat input for drying, increased production rates, and improved product quality. The document also presents specific cases, such as the production of MAP (monoammonium phosphate) 11-53-0-2S and using byproduct sulfur sources in the 16-8-8-XS grade. Finally, the economic aspects of retrofitting pipe-cross reactors into existing plants are explored, demonstrating that the investment costs are relatively small, and the payback period is usually less than one year.